Funiculars, Aerial Cable Cars,
and Cogwheel Railroads
ABOVE: A funicular car of the Marzilibahn,
which provides transportation between the city center of Bern, Switzerland and
the River Aare.
Visitors to the Alps are often confused
by the terms used to describe the rail and aerial transportation systems that
haul tourists and skiers from valleys to mountaintops. In this article, I'll
describe the three basic modes: funiculars, aerial cable cars, and cogwheel
railroads.
Funiculars
A funicular cable car is a hybrid of a railroad and an elevator or lift. Two cars of
equal size and weight are attached by a cable that loops over pulleys and a
drivewheel at the upper station. As the drivewheel moves the cable, one car goes
up the track while the other goes down. The two cars pass each other (typically
on a short section of parallel tracks) at the midpoint of their journey.
Funiculars are used on slopes that are too steep for conventional railroads.
Normally they travel in straight lines, like an elevator or lift, covering
distances that range from about 100 to 1000 meters.
Aerial cable cars
 INSET
PHOTO: An aerial cablecar transports skiers to the Gemstock in Andermatt, Switzerland.
An aerial cable car
consists of a reversible moving cable with a
gondola suspended underneath at each end. The gondolas convey anywhere from a
few dozen to a hundred or more passengers per trip..
Like the cars of a funicular, the two gondolas are counterbalanced. When one
gondola is at the upper station, the other is at the lower station, and the
gondolas pass each other on their ascent and descent.
(Note: Gondola lifts have
an outward resemblance to the aerial cable car but are actually more like the chair lifts and T-bars used on ski slopes.
Their gondolas are much smaller than the gondolas of an aerial cable car, and the
small two- to four-passenger capsules are suspended on a cable that runs in a
continuous loop.)
Aerial cable cars are used in locations where a funicular isn't practical:
e.g., over undulating terrain or to carry passengers from the bottom to the top
of a cliff.
Next Page:
Cogwheel
railroads, Web links
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