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Murano, the Glass IslandA Travel Guide to Murano, ItalyIn English-speaking countries, glass artisans are often performer-pitchmen at craft shows and festivals, where they blow glass baubles for a few dollars or pounds each. But there was a time when the trade of glassblowing--indeed, glassmaking in general--was an elite pursuit dominated by craftsmen in the Venetian Republic, most notably on the island of Murano in the Venetian Lagoon.
ABOVE: A glassblower offers a free tourist demonstration at the V.I.A. fornace near Murano's Colonna waterbus stop. "Supplying quality glass products since 1291"
Such pampered treatment had one catch: Glassmakers weren't allowed to leave the Republic. If a craftsman got a hankering to set up shop beyond the Lagoon, he risked being assassinated or having his hands cut off by the secret police--although, in practice, most defectors weren't treated so harshly.
Commerce, art, and kitsch Murano is still an exporter of traditional products like mirrors and glassware, and its factories produce modern items such as faucet handles, glass lampshades, and electric chandeliers. At the retail level, there's a growing emphasis on art glass and--most important of all--the souvenir trade.
To be fair, Murano's artisans do produce beautiful works of contemporary art from glass, although some of the designs are by foreign artists. Visit the better galleries and showrooms on Murano, and you'll find works that are technically and aesthetically stunning. Also, don't miss the island's glass museums and leading churches. To plan your trip to Murano (which is only a few minutes from central Venice by public waterbus), use the navigation table or the "Next page" links at the bottom of each page. If you collect Murano glass, be sure to see our descriptions of books about Murano and its glassmaking industry, along with our page on Murano glass restoration and repairs. Next page: Murano glass museums
Inset photos copyright � Michel Velders (1),
George Green (2), |
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Murano was a commercial port as far back as the 7th Century, and by the 10th Century it
had grown into a prosperous trading center with its own coins, police force, and
commercial aristocracy. Then, in 1291, the Venetian Republic ordered glassmakers to move
their foundries to Murano because the glassworks represented a fire danger in Venice,
whose buildings were mostly wooden at the time.
It wasn't long until Murano's glassmakers were the leading citizens on the island.
Artisans were granted the right to wear swords and enjoyed immunity from prosecution by
the notoriously high-handed Venetian state. By the late 14th Century, the daughters of
glassmakers were allowed to marry into Venice's blue-blooded families. (This was roughly
equivalent to Archie Bunker's daughter being invited to wed a Cabot or a Peabody.)
What made Murano's glassmakers so special? For one thing, they were the only people in
Europe who knew how to make glass mirrors. They also developed or refined technologies such as
crystalline glass, enameled glass (smalto), glass with threads of gold (aventurine),
multicolored glass (millefiori), milk glass (lattimo), and imitation
gemstones made of glass. Their virtual monopoly on quality glass lasted for centuries,
until glassmakers in Northern and Central Europe introduced new techniques and fashions
around the same time that colonists were emigrating to the New World.
Visit the ubiquitous glass shops on Murano or in Venice, and you'll find countless
paperweights, glass beads and necklaces, knickknacks, and items of glass jewelry. Some are
amusing: e.g., colored fish in transparent glass aquariums, or wrapped hard candies of
multicolored glass. Others are pretty--glass necklaces and beads, for example. Still
others are "hideous," in the words of Jan Morris, who adds:
